Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Influenza virus replication in cardiomyocytes drives heart dysfunction and fibrosis

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5371

Figure Lengend Snippet: WT and IFITM3 KO mice were intranasally infected with PR8-miR133b/206 or PR8-miRctrl (50 TCID 50 ). ( A ) Hearts were collected on day 10 after infection, and sections were stained with Masson’s trichrome stain, in which blue staining is indicative of fibrotic collagen deposition. Histological processing and image acquisition were performed by the OSU Comparative Pathology and Mouse Phenotyping Core Facility on heart tissue samples provided by A.D.K. A representative heart section is shown for each genotype-virus combination. Boxed areas are regions magnified in the far-right images. Scale bars, 1 mm and 200 μm for the left and right images, respectively. ( B ) Percent fibrosis was calculated by quantifying ratio of blue pixel intensity to total pixel intensity for each heart section. Each point represents a heart from an individual mouse, and bars represent mean values. Error bars represent SD of the mean. Comparisons were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. * P < 0.05. ( C ) Serum from IFITM3 KO mice was collected before infection and at days 5 and 10 after infection with PR8-miRctrl or PR8-miR133b/206 for ELISA quantification of creatine kinase. Data points represent individual mice, and bars represent mean values. Error bars depict SD of the mean. Comparisons were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Creatine kinase quantification was performed using the Mouse Creatine Kinase MB ELISA Kit (Novus Biologicals).

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Virus, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Lab-in-a-Tip: a multiplex immunoassay platform based on a self-assembled barcoded protein array

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59390-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative performance of four LIT modes, Luminex, and ELISA

Article Snippet: Human IL-1β ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL101), Human IL-4 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL123), Human IL-5 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL125), Human IL-6 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL102), Human IL-8 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL103), and Human GM-CSF ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL124) were purchased.

Techniques: Luminex, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Multiplex Assay, Incubation

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Lab-in-a-Tip: a multiplex immunoassay platform based on a self-assembled barcoded protein array

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59390-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagrams illustrating the methodologies used in Luminex® Assay ( a ) and ELISA ( b ). Figure was created with MedPeer (medpeer.cn). c Dose dependent median fluorescence intensity of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF at different concentrations were compared between Standard LIT (black) and Luminex (red). d Dose dependent median fluorescence intensity and absorbance of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF at different concentrations were compared between Standard LIT (black) and ELISA (red). Data presented as mean ± SD from three replicates. General data were analyzed with Origin 2021. The five-parameter logistic regression model was used to fit the standard curves. LOD and LOQ were defined as the concentrations corresponding to signal values of mean(blank) + 3σ(blank) and mean(blank) + 10σ(blank), respectively, where mean(blank) is the average signal and σ(blank) is the standard deviation of the blank measurements.

Article Snippet: Human IL-1β ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL101), Human IL-4 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL123), Human IL-5 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL125), Human IL-6 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL102), Human IL-8 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL103), and Human GM-CSF ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL124) were purchased.

Techniques: Luminex, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescence, Standard Deviation

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Lab-in-a-Tip: a multiplex immunoassay platform based on a self-assembled barcoded protein array

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59390-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Dose-dependent median fluorescence intensity of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF at various concentrations compared between Standard LIT assays with (red) and without (black) added serum. b Comparison of LODs for IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF with (pink) and without (blue) serum. c Spike recoveries for cytokines at high, medium, and low analyte concentrations. Linear regression plots comparing serum concentrations of IL-6 ( d ) and IL-8 ( e ) as determined by Luminex and LIT. Linear regression plots for IL-6 ( f ) and IL-8 ( g ) serum concentrations, determined by ELISA and LIT. Linear regression plots for IL-6 ( h ) and IL-8 ( i ) serum concentrations, determined by chemiluminescence and LIT. Data are presented as mean ± SD; n = 3 repeated tests. General data were analyzed with Origin 2021. The five-parameter logistic regression model was used to fit the standard curves. LOD and LOQ were defined as the concentrations corresponding to signal values of mean(blank) + 3σ(blank) and mean(blank) + 10σ(blank), respectively, where mean(blank) is the average signal and σ(blank) is the standard deviation of the blank measurements.

Article Snippet: Human IL-1β ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL101), Human IL-4 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL123), Human IL-5 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL125), Human IL-6 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL102), Human IL-8 ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL103), and Human GM-CSF ELISA kit (NOVUS, VAL124) were purchased.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Comparison, Luminex, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Prognostic significance of serum MUC5AC in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: initial insights

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1544928

Figure Lengend Snippet: Univariate logistic regression of serum MUC5AC on clinicopathological features.

Article Snippet: Serum MUC5AC samples were analyzed using the Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Catalog number NBP2-76703, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Prognostic significance of serum MUC5AC in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: initial insights

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1544928

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum MUC5AC (mean) distribution and clinicopathological features.

Article Snippet: Serum MUC5AC samples were analyzed using the Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Catalog number NBP2-76703, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Prognostic significance of serum MUC5AC in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: initial insights

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1544928

Figure Lengend Snippet: Univariate analysis for progression-free survival in neoadjuvant therapy group (n=21).

Article Snippet: Serum MUC5AC samples were analyzed using the Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Catalog number NBP2-76703, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Prognostic significance of serum MUC5AC in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: initial insights

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1544928

Figure Lengend Snippet: Multivariate analysis for neoadjuvant therapy cohort.

Article Snippet: Serum MUC5AC samples were analyzed using the Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Catalog number NBP2-76703, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Prognostic significance of serum MUC5AC in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: initial insights

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1544928

Figure Lengend Snippet: Presurgery Multivariate analysis for survival.

Article Snippet: Serum MUC5AC samples were analyzed using the Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Catalog number NBP2-76703, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Prognostic significance of serum MUC5AC in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: initial insights

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1544928

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparing low and high MUC5AC groups.

Article Snippet: Serum MUC5AC samples were analyzed using the Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Catalog number NBP2-76703, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Prognostic significance of serum MUC5AC in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: initial insights

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1544928

Figure Lengend Snippet: The difference in survival between low and high serum MUC5AC groups in neoadjuvant therapy group (A, B) and FOLFIRINOX sub-group (C, D) .

Article Snippet: Serum MUC5AC samples were analyzed using the Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Catalog number NBP2-76703, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Prognostic significance of serum MUC5AC in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: initial insights

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1544928

Figure Lengend Snippet: Multivariate analysis of upfront surgery population for survival (n=17).

Article Snippet: Serum MUC5AC samples were analyzed using the Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Catalog number NBP2-76703, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Prognostic significance of serum MUC5AC in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: initial insights

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1544928

Figure Lengend Snippet: The difference in progression-free survival (A) and overall survival (B) between low and high serum MUC5AC groups in upfront surgery group.

Article Snippet: Serum MUC5AC samples were analyzed using the Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Catalog number NBP2-76703, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Prognostic significance of serum MUC5AC in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: initial insights

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1544928

Figure Lengend Snippet: Predicting recurrence using MUC5AC and CA19-9 post-surgery.

Article Snippet: Serum MUC5AC samples were analyzed using the Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Catalog number NBP2-76703, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: B12 promotes gut dysbiosis and an inflammatory microenvironment that potentiates Tet2 -deficient hematopoiesis

doi: 10.1101/2025.08.22.671600

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic of CD45.2 + Tet2 +/+ and Tet2 +/− competitive bone marrow (BM) reconstitution (mixed 1:1) with CD45.1 + wild-type BM cells transplanted into congenic mice. Altered B12 supplementation was initiated from 1-month post-transplant and mice were monitored for 8 months prior to sacrifice. (B) Frequency of peripheral blood CD45.2 + cells over 8 months post-transplant in Tet2 +/+ and Tet2 +/− reconstituted mice with altered B12 supplementation. (C-J) Hematopoietic phenotypes of competitively transplanted mice at 8 months post-transplant. (C) Total WBC counts of cohorts (k/µL). (D) Frequency of CD45.2 + cells in peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and spleen (SP). (E) Myeloid-to-B-cell (M/B) ratio measured by flow cytometry of CD11b + vs B220 + cells in the peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and spleen (SP). (F) Frequency of CD45.2 + CD11b + cells in the liver. (G) Frequency of CD45.2 + Lineage negative (Lin-) cKit + (LK) cells, and lineage negative cKit + Sca1 + (LSK) cells. (H) Frequency of common myeloid progenitor (CMP), megakaryocyte and erythroid progenitor (MEP), and granulocyte and macrophage progenitor (GMP) cells in the CD45.2 + LK compartment. (I) Frequency of LSK cells that are CD150 + CD48 - (HSCs) and CD150 - CD48 + (myeloid primed multipotent progenitors) within the BM compartment. (J) Relative plasma cytokine levels in B12 high-treated mice compared to B12 low in both Tet2 +/+ and Tet2 +/− cohorts. Panels show mean and STD of n = 4-5 mice per group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: B12 was measured by ELISA with the Novus Biologicals Mouse Vitamin B12 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) (NBP2-59958).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: B12 promotes gut dysbiosis and an inflammatory microenvironment that potentiates Tet2 -deficient hematopoiesis

doi: 10.1101/2025.08.22.671600

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) UMAP plots of scRNAseq classified using Immgen cell references with clustifyr from CD45.2 + CD11b + sort-purified splenic cells of Tet2 +/− BM reconstituted mice supplemented with low (left) and high (right) B12. (B) Relative frequency of cells in each cluster per B12 supplemented group. (C) Global pseudotime analysis of cells across both treatment groups. (D) Average gene expression of the top 20 cluster-defining markers in B12 high and B12 low supplemented conditions. (E) UMAP plots of relative expression of S100a8 , Lyz2, Il1b, and Cxcl2 split by treatment arm and scaled to the maximum value. (F) Violin plots of normalized expression of S100a8 across all clusters. (G) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from Monocyte (Cluster 3&5) and Neutrophil (Clusters 0 and 6) cells with a significance cutoff of padj < 0.05 in blue (down in B12 high) or red (up in B12 high). (H) Enriched gene sets of DEGs in the Neutrophil and Monocyte clusters from Reactome Pathway Database. Significance cutoff of padj < 0.05.

Article Snippet: B12 was measured by ELISA with the Novus Biologicals Mouse Vitamin B12 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) (NBP2-59958).

Techniques: Purification, Gene Expression, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: B12 promotes gut dysbiosis and an inflammatory microenvironment that potentiates Tet2 -deficient hematopoiesis

doi: 10.1101/2025.08.22.671600

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic of collection at month 8, bacterial DNA isolation, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing analysis of fecal pellets from mice (n= 4-5 mice per group) with competitive transplant of CD45.2 + Tet2 +/+ and Tet2 +/− BM cells supplemented with low to high B12 (as outlined in ). (B) Alpha diversity levels measured by Shannon and Simpson’s indices. (C) Fecal microbiome composition at the phylum level averaged per group from B12 supplemented cohorts of Tet2 +/+ and Tet2 +/− host mice. (D) Composition levels of butyrate producers at the genera level in the fecal microbiome of B12 supplemented Tet2 +/+ and Tet2 +/− host mice. (E) Bar graphs of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score calculated by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEFSE) for species in the fecal microbiome. (F) Venn Diagrams of overlaps of enriched or depleted species in the high vs low B12-treated Tet2 +/+ and Tet2 +/− competitive BM reconstituted mice. (G) Dot plot of enriched KEGG pathways from metagenomic analysis comparing the fecal microbiomes of respective low and high B12 supplemented cohorts using the MG-RAST pipeline. (H) Experimental schematic of shRen and shTet2 Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cells cultured in low, standard, and high B12 supplemented media. (I) Gene expression levels of Il1b and S100a9 in Raw 264.7 cells after 16-hour stimulation with PBS or 1 µg/mL LPS. p-values = *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005.

Article Snippet: B12 was measured by ELISA with the Novus Biologicals Mouse Vitamin B12 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) (NBP2-59958).

Techniques: DNA Extraction, Sequencing, Cell Culture, Gene Expression

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: B12 promotes gut dysbiosis and an inflammatory microenvironment that potentiates Tet2 -deficient hematopoiesis

doi: 10.1101/2025.08.22.671600

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic of CD45.2 + Tet2 +/− competitive bone marrow (BM) reconstitution (mixed 1:1) with CD45.1 + wild-type BM cells transplanted into congenic mice. Altered B12 supplementation and oral butyrate treatment (as sodium butyrate provided in drinking water) was initiated from 1-month post-transplant and mice were monitored for 8 months prior to sacrifice. (B-G) Hematopoietic phenotypes of competitive BM transplanted mice 8 months post-transplant. (B) Total WBC counts of treatment cohorts (k/µL, left panel) and frequency of total CD45.2 + in peripheral blood (PB) bone marrow (BM) and spleen (SP) (right panels). (C) Myeloid-to-B-cell (M/B) ratio measured by flow cytometry of CD45.2 + CD11b + vs B220 + cells in the peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and spleen (SP) and the frequency of CD45.2 + CD11b + cells in the liver of (right panel). (D) Relative serum cytokine levels in mice treated with butyrate, high B12, and high B12+butyrate (normalized to control mice). *p < 0.05 compared to High B12, #p<0.05 compared to Control. (E) Relative IL-6 and CXCL12 levels in the serum of butyrate, high B12, and high B12+butyrate Tet2 +/− host mice. (F) Frequency of CD45.2 + Lineage negative (Lin-) cKit + (LK) cells, lineage negative cKit + Sca1 + (LSK) cells and LSK subsets that are CD150 + CD48 - (HSCs) and CD150 - CD48 + (myeloid primed multipotent progenitors) within the BM compartment. (G) Frequency of common myeloid progenitor (CMP), megakaryocyte and erythroid progenitor (MEP) and granulocyte and macrophage progenitor (GMP) cells in the CD45.2 + LK compartment. Panels show mean and STD of n = 5-8 mice per group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, unless otherwise stated above.

Article Snippet: B12 was measured by ELISA with the Novus Biologicals Mouse Vitamin B12 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) (NBP2-59958).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: B12 promotes gut dysbiosis and an inflammatory microenvironment that potentiates Tet2 -deficient hematopoiesis

doi: 10.1101/2025.08.22.671600

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) UMAP plot of scRNAseq classified using Immgen cell references with clustifyr and individual marker expression from cKit-enriched CD45.2 + Tet2 +/− bone marrow cells isolated 8 months post-transplant from competitively reconstituted mice treated with Butyrate, high B12 or high B12+Butyrate. (B) Global pseudotime analysis of cell clusters across all cohorts. (C) Hematopoietic cell lineage and stem and progenitor hallmark gene expression grouped by cluster. (D) Relative percentages of cells in select clusters for each supplemented group. (E) Enrichment analysis by cluster or cell type (cluster group) of B12-upregulated genes identified from scRNAseq of splenic CD11b + cells, and monocyte, neutrophil and B cell hallmark gene sets from Immgen. (F) Heatmap of splenic neutrophil and monocyte B12 high upregulated genes (see ) which show differential expression between B12+Butyrate vs B12 in the bone marrow, filtered for percent cell expression minimum. (G) Violin plots of normalized expression of representative B12-regulated genes S100a9, Camp, Lcn2 and Ngp across select clusters. (H) Volcano plots of differentially expressed genes in B cells (Cluster 0), neutrophils (clusters 1,3 and 7) and monocytes (clusters 4 and 5), with significantly (padj < 0.05) downregulated genes (blue) and upregulated (red) for the indicated comparisons. Select myeloid lineage and B12-regulated genes labeled.

Article Snippet: B12 was measured by ELISA with the Novus Biologicals Mouse Vitamin B12 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) (NBP2-59958).

Techniques: Marker, Expressing, Isolation, Gene Expression, Quantitative Proteomics, Labeling

Journal: BMC gastroenterology

Article Title: The impact of probiotic supplementation on gastric motility and nutrient absorption in elderly patients with Gastrointestinal disorders.

doi: 10.1186/s12876-025-03740-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Comparison of intestinal permeability markers levels between two groups (after treatment 7d). (A) Occludin; (B) Zonulin; (C) LBP. LBP: Lipopolysac charide Binding Protein. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01.Paired t-tests were used to compare pre- vs. post-treatment values within each group; independent t-tests were used for between-group comparisons at day 7

Article Snippet: The specific ELISA kits employed included: the human zonulin kit (EKC 36091, Biomatik USA, LLC; Wilmington, DE, USA), the human occludin kit (NBP2-80305, Novus Biologicals, LLC; Centennial, CO, USA), and the human LBP kit (DY870-05, R&D Systems, Inc.; Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Comparison, Permeability, Binding Assay

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Selection and Expression of Core M-DEGs in the GEO Dataset. Note: (A) LASSO selection plot for M-DEGs; (B) SVM-RFE analysis results for M-DEGs; (C) Results from the Random Forest algorithm for M-DEGs; (D) Venn diagram showing the intersection of results from LASSO, SVM-RFE, and Random For est algorithms; (E) Expression levels of IL4I1 in NP samples from each group (n = 6) in the merged dataset; (F) Pseudo-time gene expression curve of IL4I1 in MΦ subtypes from scRNA-seq data, with time on the x-axis and gene expression level on the y-axis; ** P < 0.01 compared between the two groups

Article Snippet: The concentration of IL4I1 in IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1MNPs was determined using a human IL4I1 EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (NOVUS, NBP3-06773) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Selection, Expressing, Gene Expression

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 Influence of IL4I1 on M1-M2 Polarization of MΦs. Note: (A) Schematic representation of IL4I1 treatment on MΦ induced M1 or M2 polarization; (B) RT-qPCR analysis of expression of M1 and M2 MΦ marker genes in different groups of MΦ; (C) Representative immunofluorescence images of MΦ in differ ent groups (scale bar = 25 μm), quantification of fluorescence intensities of CD80 and CD86, CD163 and CD206 co-localization; (D) Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured MΦ in each group; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, all experiments were repeated thrice

Article Snippet: The concentration of IL4I1 in IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1MNPs was determined using a human IL4I1 EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (NOVUS, NBP3-06773) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Marker, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Cell Culture

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 Preparation, characterization, and In Vitro Uptake of IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs. Note: (A) Schematic depiction of the preparation process for IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs; (B) Representative images of IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs using TEM (scale bar = 200 nm); (C-D) DLS analysis of the size and zeta potential of IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs; (E) SDS-PAGE protein analysis of cell lysates, MΦCM, IL4I1-NPs, and IL4I1-MNPs; (F) Loading capacity of IL4I1 in IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs; (G) The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of IL4I1 within IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs, respectively, with monitoring of encapsulation rates within 72 h at 4 °C; (H) In vitro cumulative release curve of IL4I1 from IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs in PBS at 37 °C; (I) Particle size detec tion of IL4I1-MNPs in deionized water, 1×PBS, and 50% FBS over three days; (J) Schematic diagram of the preparation process for DiR-NPs and DiR-MNPs; (K) Flow cytometry analysis of fluorescence intensity of DiR in MΦ after incubation with DiR-NPs and DiR-MNPs for 1, 2, and 4 h; (L) Representative images (scale bar = 15 μm) and quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity of MΦ uptake of DiR-NPs and DiR-MNPs; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, all experiments were conducted in triplicate

Article Snippet: The concentration of IL4I1 in IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1MNPs was determined using a human IL4I1 EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (NOVUS, NBP3-06773) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: In Vitro, Zeta Potential Analyzer, SDS Page, Encapsulation, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Incubation

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6 Impact of IL4I1-MNPs on MΦ Polarization in IDD Mice In Vivo. Note: (A) RT-qPCR analysis of expression of M1 and M2 MΦ marker genes in IVD MΦs of mice in different groups (n = 6); (B) Percentage of M1 MΦs (CD80+CD86+) in IVD MΦs of mice in different groups (n = 6); (C) Percentage of M2 MΦs (CD163+CD206+) in IVD MΦs of mice in different groups (n = 6); (D) ELISA detection of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels in IVD of mice in different groups (n = 6); * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The concentration of IL4I1 in IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1MNPs was determined using a human IL4I1 EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (NOVUS, NBP3-06773) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: In Vivo, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Marker, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8 Exploration of the Role of FGR in Regulating MΦ Polarization Balance Mediated by IL4I1-MNPs. Note: (A) Illustration of FGR-OE transfection; (B) RT- qPCR analysis of FGR expression in different groups of MΦ; (C) Schematic representation of MΦ polarization induction post-NC-OE or FGR-OE transfection, followed by treatment with PBS or IL4I1-MNPs; (D) RT-qPCR analysis of expression of M1 and M2 MΦ marker genes in different groups of MΦ; (E) Repre sentative immunofluorescence images of MΦ in different groups (scale bar = 25 μm), quantification of CD80 and CD86, CD163 and CD206 co-localization fluorescence intensity; (F) Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured MΦ in different groups; *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, all experiments were repeated three times

Article Snippet: The concentration of IL4I1 in IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1MNPs was determined using a human IL4I1 EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (NOVUS, NBP3-06773) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Marker, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Cell Culture

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 9 Effect of CHG@IL4I1-MNPs on MΦ Polarization in IDD Mice. Note: (A) RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of M1 and M2 MΦ marker genes in IVD MΦs of mice (n = 6); (B) Percentage of M1 MΦs in IVD MΦs of mice (n = 6); (C) Percentage of M2 MΦs in IVD MΦs of mice (n = 6); (D) ELISA detection of IL- 1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels in the IVD of mice (n = 6); n.s. P > 0.05 for comparison between groups, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The concentration of IL4I1 in IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1MNPs was determined using a human IL4I1 EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (NOVUS, NBP3-06773) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Marker, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison

Journal: Biomedical Reports

Article Title: Prospective study of cesarean scar pregnancy associated with increased MCP-1 and cholesterol synthesis

doi: 10.3892/br.2025.2026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased MCP-1 and cholesterol synthesis in decidual stromal cells localized at the gestational sac of women with CSP. (A) Heat map results of decidual stromal cell chemokine and chemokine receptor extracted from the gestational sac localization of the three groups of patients. (B) Volcano map results of two-by-two comparison of chemokine and chemokine receptor of decidual stromal cells extracted from patients' gestational sac localization. (C) Gene expression of PAR-1, MCP-1 and CCR2 in decidual stromal cells extracted from patients' gestational sac localization in the three groups. (D) Gene expression of SREBP2, HMGCR and HMGCS in decidual stromal cells extracted from patients' gestational sac localization in the three groups. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. ns, P>0.05 and *** P<0.001. MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; CSP, cesarean scar pregnancy; PAR-1, protease-activated receptor-1; CCR2, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2; SREBP2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2; HMGCR, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; HMGCS, hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl Coenzyme A synthase; NP, normal intrauterine pregnancy without history of cesarean section; NPACS, normal intrauterine pregnancy after cesarean section; ns, not significant (P>0.05).

Article Snippet: Human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) ELISA kit (cat. no. abx250429; Abbexa; www.abbexa.com ), human sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 ELISA kit (cat. no. abx250666; Abbexa), human PAR1/thrombin receptor ELISA kit (cat. no. ab283544; Abcam), human CCR2 ELISA kit (cat. no. NBP2-75114; Novus Biologicals, LLC), hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl Coenzyme A synthase (HMGCS) ELISA kit (cat. no. MBS2019446; MyBioSource, Inc.) and cholesterol assay kit (cat. no. ARG81630 ; Arigobio; www.arigobio.cn ) were used.

Techniques: Comparison, Gene Expression, Standard Deviation, Binding Assay

Journal: Biomedical Reports

Article Title: Prospective study of cesarean scar pregnancy associated with increased MCP-1 and cholesterol synthesis

doi: 10.3892/br.2025.2026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased blood MCP-1 and cholesterol synthesis in women with CSP. (A) Detection of PAR-1, MCP-1, CCR2, SREBP2, HMGCR and HMGCS concentrations in the blood of three groups of patients. (B) Comparison of blood cholesterol levels in three groups of patients. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; CSP, cesarean scar pregnancy; PAR-1, protease-activated receptor-1; CCR2, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2; SREBP2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2; HMGCR, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; HMGCS, hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl Coenzyme A synthase; NP, normal intrauterine pregnancy without history of cesarean section; NPACS, normal intrauterine pregnancy after cesarean section; ns, not significant (P>0.05).

Article Snippet: Human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) ELISA kit (cat. no. abx250429; Abbexa; www.abbexa.com ), human sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 ELISA kit (cat. no. abx250666; Abbexa), human PAR1/thrombin receptor ELISA kit (cat. no. ab283544; Abcam), human CCR2 ELISA kit (cat. no. NBP2-75114; Novus Biologicals, LLC), hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl Coenzyme A synthase (HMGCS) ELISA kit (cat. no. MBS2019446; MyBioSource, Inc.) and cholesterol assay kit (cat. no. ARG81630 ; Arigobio; www.arigobio.cn ) were used.

Techniques: Comparison, Standard Deviation, Binding Assay

Journal: Kidney international

Article Title: Renin and renin blockade have no role in complement activity.

doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.11.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4 | Dose-dependent AngT and C3 cleavage in combined AngT-C3a assay. (a) AngT-C3 combination cleavage assay. AngT 14- amino acid (14aa) peptide and C3 were mixed in a single tube before adding renin at increasing concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 14 units for a 1-hour incubation at 37 C (pH ¼ 7.4). The results showed a dose response in AngT cleavage for both renins (red bars). While batch G did not exhibit any noticeable increase in C3a, batch H showed a dose-dependent increase (blue bars). Factor B/factor D (FB/FD) and C3 mixture served a control for C3a. (b) Identification of trypsin contamination via mass spectrometry. Spectra: Distinct peaks in mass spectroscopy corresponding to bovine trypsin (M peaks, MþXs peaks, marked by 3 arrows) were detected in batch H but absent in batch G. Ang1, angiotensin I; AngT, angiotensinogen.

Article Snippet: Quantification of the generated Ang1 peptide was carried out by using a highly specific Ang1 peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (NBP2-62134; Novus Biologicals), following the manufacturer’s recommended protocol.

Techniques: Cleavage Assay, Incubation, Control, Mass Spectrometry